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Epic Code LAB12300450 Amikacin, Peak, Serum

Additional Codes

Mayo Code: PAMIK

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Useful For

Monitoring adequacy of serum concentration during amikacin therapy

Specimen Type

Serum


Specimen Required


Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Serum gel

Acceptable: Red top

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Serum gel tubes should be centrifuged within 2 hours of collection.

2. Red top tubes should be centrifuged, and the serum aliquoted into a plastic vial within 2 hours of collection.


Laboratory Test Directory Note:

COLLECTION NOTE: Volumes listed are in serum or plasma, draw approximately 2 1/2 times the requested volume in whole blood.

Specimen Minimum Volume

0.25 mL

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Refrigerated (preferred) 14 days
  Frozen  28 days
  Ambient  72 hours

Reject Due To

Gross hemolysis Reject

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Sunday

Reference Values

Peak: 20.0-35.0 mcg/mL
Toxic peak: >40.0 mcg/mL

Clinical Information

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside used to treat severe blood infections by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria. Aminoglycosides induce bacterial death by irreversibly binding bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. Amikacin is minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and thus can been used orally to reduce intestinal flora.

 

Peak serum concentrations are seen 30 minutes after intravenous infusion, or 60 minutes after intramuscular administration. Serum half-lives in patients with normal renal function are generally 2 to 3 hours. Excretion of aminoglycosides is principally renal, and all aminoglycosides may accumulate in the kidney at 50 to 100 times the serum concentration.

 

Toxicity can present as dizziness, vertigo, or, if severe, ataxia and a Meniere disease-like syndrome. Auditory toxicity may be manifested by simple tinnitus or any degree of hearing loss, which may be temporary or permanent, and can extend to total irreversible deafness. Nephrotoxicity is most frequently manifested by transient proteinuria or azotemia, which may occasionally be severe. Aminoglycosides also are associated with variable degrees of neuromuscular blockade leading to apnea.

Cautions

Aminoglycosides are excreted primarily by glomerular filtration, thus, the serum half-life will be prolonged and significant accumulation will occur in patients with impaired renal function.

Interpretation

For conventional (nonpulse) dosing protocols, clinical effects may not be achieved if the peak serum concentration is <20.0 mcg/mL. Toxicity may occur if the peak serum concentration is maintained >35.0 mcg/mL for a prolonged period of time.

Reporting Name

Amikacin, Peak, S

Method Name

Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS)

Method Description

Kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution (KIMS) as measured by changes in light transmission.

The assay is a homogeneous immunoassay based on the principle of measuring changes in scattered light or absorbance which result when activated microparticles aggregate. The microparticles are coated with amikacin and rapidly aggregate in the presence of an amikacin antibody solution. When a sample containing amikacin is introduced, the aggregation reaction is partially inhibited, slowing the rate of the aggregation process. Antibody bound to sample drug is no longer available to promote microparticle aggregation, and subsequent particle lattice formation is inhibited. Thus, a classic inhibition curve with respect to amikacin concentration is obtained, with the maximum rate of aggregation at the lowest amikacin concentration. By monitoring the change in scattered light or absorbance, a concentration-dependent curve is obtained.(Package insert: Roche Amikacin reagent, Roche Diagnostic Corp, Indianapolis, IN)

CPT Code Information

80150 

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
PAMIK Amikacin, Peak, S 3319-1

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
PAMIK Amikacin, Peak, S 3319-1

Report Available

Same day/1 day

Test Classification

This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.

Clinical Reference

1. Wilson JW, Estes LL: Mayo Clinic Antimicrobial Therapy Quick Guide, 2008

2. Hammett-Stabler CA, Johns T: Laboratory guidelines for monitoring of antimicrobial drugs. national academy of clinical biochemistry. Clin Chem 1998 May;44(5):1129-1140

3. Gonzalez LS III, Spencer JP: Aminoglcosides: a practical review. Am Fam Physician 1998 Nov 15;58(8):1811-1820

Forms

If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Therapeutics Test Request (T831) with the specimen.